Pulled Elbow – The wailing child with no fracture

February 17, 2012


With the school holiday on, I thought this topic would be appropriate.

Subluxation of head of radius (pulled elbow)
The pulled elbow occurs in children following a peculiar type of mechanism to the injury.

It usually involves a tug to the elbow of a child – which usually happens when the caregiver – parent/nanny is trying to prevent the child from falling or preventing the child from crossing the street.

The child classically holds the elbow straight or slightly bent and particularly resists movement at the affected elbow. This often mimics a fracture at the elbow.


What happens?

The elbow joint consists of 3 bones – the arm bone, the humerus; the two forearm bone, the radius and ulna. The forearm bone is linked at the elbow by the annular ligament and it is the slipping of the head of the radius from this ligament which brings about the condition.


Treatment

Radial Head Subluxation

A good history – if classical and clinical evaluation is all that is required for a diagnosis. Often an x-ray is not necessary. I request for an x-ray to rule out a fracture around the elbow if the examination of the child me doubt the diagnosis of a pure pulled elbow – this usually is the case if the elbow is unduly swollen.

Manipulation is done in the clinic-emergency room. If done correctly - with reduction of the radial head, the child is comfortable within minutes and often starts using the limb. It is therefore important to review the child after 15-20 minutes. An arm sling is often used but often unnecessary with the child often discarding it within hours.

Credit – Images from Netter’s Atlas of Orthopaedics


Dr. Harjeet Singh a/l Puran Singh
Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon
Columbia Asia Hospital-Bukit Rimau