你是不是经常在外用餐，都喜欢吃一些韩式烧烤、四川火锅之类的，各种鲜嫩肉片和海鲜只需要烤一下、涮一下就吃，殊不知这些未经严格处理的肉食很容易引起A型病毒性肝炎。那么，A型肝炎是一种什么疾病？该如何预防呢？
吃多了半生不熟海鲜，小心A肝找上你!
食物来源性病毒，是长期以来一直被认为是食品行业里主要受关注的问题，并有可能成为严重的公共卫生问题。皆因A型肝炎病毒在全球暴发的主要原因，就是食用受污染的水和食物而感染的。主要容易受A型肝炎病毒污染的高风险食物包括：贝类、牡蛎、生蚝，以及沙拉、蔬菜水果等新鲜农产品。
**健康小编提醒**
大家注意！特别是没有煮熟的海产，如贝类、生蚝等也会带有A型肝炎病毒，所以大家在吃火锅的时候如果没有把海鲜煮熟，只是将其涮一下就吃，是有可能患上A型肝炎的。
A肝通过粪口途径传播
A型病毒性肝炎又被称为A型肝炎、甲肝（Hepatitis A），是一种由A型肝炎病毒（英文简称为HAV）引起的，以肝脏炎症病变为主要表现的传染性疾病，严重时可发展为急性肝炎。
A型肝炎的主要传播方式为“粪—口传播”。而我们往往会在外的餐馆用餐时受到感染，餐馆的食品仍然是A型肝炎的常见来源，但这不是因为食物来自餐馆，而是因为餐馆员工或准备食物的人感染了A型肝炎病毒。这意味着病毒是通过被感染者污染的食物或水传播的，这些感染者可能在去洗手间后，未洗手就处理了食物或水。
令人不安的是，受感染的人可以在自己未出现任何症状前两个星期传播病毒，这意味着通常在他们意识到自己被感染之前，已把病毒传播！餐馆的大厨、二厨、厨房学徒和其他员工很容易通过处理的食材和饮料、使用的碗碟、杯子和器皿传播病毒给食客。
**医生小提醒**
Dr. Harpreet Kaur说，严格的手部卫生是防止这些病毒传播的关键，例如在上厕所后要彻底洗手，或者在处理食物时戴上手套等。对于餐厅的食客来说，保持良好的卫生习惯也很重要。为了保护自己免于感染，大家在餐馆用餐也要养成饭前和上厕所后洗手的良好卫生习惯。
常见的A型肝炎病症包括:
A型肝炎的一般病毒潜伏期为15至50天，平均为28天。
- 发烧
- 食欲不振
- 恶心
- 呕吐
- 腹泻
- 全身不适
- 黄疸（皮肤和眼白发黄)
- 深色尿液或浅色大便
- 腹痛和腰痛
不过，一旦感染过A型肝炎，患者即会终生免疫。
不药可愈但不可轻视
A型肝炎没有特定的治疗方法，一般采取支援性治疗，治疗措施有助于缓解症状、改善病情。A型肝炎是一种自限性疾病，因为其症状可持续长达数周或数月，感染后症状消失的过程可能很缓慢，但之后患者便能完全康复。
在餐馆、杂货店和超市工作的人被诊断患有A型肝炎，在出现症状后，应禁止工作至少两星期。如果有黄疸的症状表现，则在黄疸发作后至少一星期禁止重返工作岗位。一旦感染過A型肝炎后康复，就不会再感染，即会终生免疫，並且不再为病毒带原者。
那么，如何预防A型肝炎呢？
A型肝炎疫苗是预防的首选。A型肝炎疫苗可作为灭活单抗原疫苗，或与B型肝炎疫苗联合使用。这类疫苗不会引起任何严重不良反应，所以为自己和家人接种疫苗的好处绝对大于任何坏处。最好的方法，就是咨询医生关于注射疫苗的资讯和选项。
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的说法，预防A型肝炎感染的最有效方法是改善卫生条件、练习正确的洗手习惯。
确保以清洁卫生的方式处理食物，同时避免与他人分享食物、共用同一餐具或共饮饮料、避免吃生的或未煮熟的海鲜贝类。旅行时，尤其是在卫生条件差的地方，建议喝瓶装水，避免食用可能用受污染的水制成食物。
注射一种含有抗A型肝炎病毒抗体的药物。该类药物可以在接触病毒后的两个星期内服用，有效性约为85%，但其效果是暂时的，可持续维持3个月。
这篇文章首次刊登在《健康时尚杂志/GoodHealth Magazine》
Share:
Was this article helpful?
Share:
Was this article helpful?
Health Packages
Elevate your health with tailored health packages at Columbia Asia Hospital. Take charge of your health journey today.
Taiping
Pregnancy Vaccination Package
Puchong
Dietitian Package
Iskandar Puteri
Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement Surgery Package
Cheras
Dengue Vaccination Package
Batu Kawan
Endoscopy Screening Package
Taiping
Knee Pain Relief Treatment
Bukit Jalil
HPV Vaccination Package
Petaling Jaya
Flu & Pneumococcal Vaccination Combo Package
Petaling Jaya
Cardiac Screening Package
Tebrau
Hajj & Umrah Vaccination Package
Batu Kawan
Heart Screening Packages
Shah Alam
Orthopedic Recovery Package
Taiping
Influenza Vaccination
Taiping
Normal Delivery Package
Bukit Rimau
Back or Neck Physiotherapy Package
Taiping
Heart Screening Packages
Tebrau
Wellwoman Executive Screening (by Physician & Gynecologist)
Puchong
Cardiac Package
Iskandar Puteri
Prostate Screening Package
Bukit Rimau
Love Your Heart Screening Packages
Bukit Rimau
Post-Op Physiotherapy Package
Petaling Jaya
Robotic Total Knee Replacement Package
Seremban
Essential Health Screening Package
Tebrau
Dengue Vaccination Package
Iskandar Puteri
Dietetic Service Package
Bukit Jalil
Health Screening Package
Petaling Jaya
HPV Vaccination Package
Bukit Rimau
Baby Vaccination Package
Seremban
Maternity Package
Cheras
Cardiac Screening Package
Petaling Jaya
Dietetic Service Packages
Cheras
Wellness Package – C-Cancer Male
Bukit Rimau
Pterygium Surgery Package
Taiping
Total Knee Replacement Package
Bukit Jalil
Physiotherapy Stroke Package
Klang
Scope Packages
Iskandar Puteri
Health Screening Packages
Cheras
Wellness Package – C-Cardiac Plus Female
Tebrau
Wellwoman Basic Screening (by Gynecologist)
Tebrau
Heart Screening Package
Taiping
Breast Clinical Examination
Tebrau
Basic Screening Package
Tebrau
Liver Screening Package
Petaling Jaya
Preferred Screening
AIA Policyholders Self-pay Benefits
Petaling Jaya
Parent’s Day Health Screening Package
Puchong
Basic Health Screening Package
Cheras
YAG Laser Package
Cheras
Bell’s Palsy Package
Batu Kawan
Little Tots Protection Trio
Petaling Jaya
Basic Screening Package (Medical Officer)
Bukit Jalil
Maternity Package
Taiping
Weight Loss Diet Plan
Petaling Jaya
Endoscopy Package
Puchong
Basic Health Screening Package
Taiping
Basic Dietary Consultation Package
Iskandar Puteri
Mother’s Day Screening Packages
Cheras
Low Dose CT Scan Package
Bukit Rimau
Silver Strength Therapy Package
Bukit Jalil
Endoscopy Packages
Petaling Jaya
Antenatal Checkup Package
Seremban
Comprehensive Maternal Fetal Medicine Package
Tebrau
Influenza Vaccine Promotion
Iskandar Puteri
Sports Rehab Laser Package
Batu Kawan
PhysioCare Package
Klang
Premier Female Screening Package
Petaling Jaya
Influenza Vaccination Package
Cheras
Neuro Management Physiotherapy Package
Puchong
Comprehensive Eye Packages
Cheras
Cervical Cancer Screening Package
Cheras
Kidney Screening Package
Bukit Jalil
Dengue Vaccination Package
Puchong
Blood Profile and Cancer Screening
Bukit Jalil
Kids Vaccination Package
Seremban
Antenatal Check Up Package
Tebrau
Executive Screening (by Physician)
Iskandar Puteri
Colorectal Cancer Screening Package
Bukit Rimau
Postnatal Package
Cheras
Wellness Package – C-Cancer Female
Seremban
Executive Health Screening Package
Tebrau
Cataract Treatment Package
Bukit Jalil
Brain Health Screening
Seremban
Dengue Fever Vaccination
Petaling Jaya
Maternity Promotion
Iskandar Puteri
Umrah & Hajj Vaccination Package
Iskandar Puteri
Cervical Cancer Screening Package
Taiping
Endoscopy Screening Package
Batu Kawan
Safe Travel For Kids (Starter Pack and Booster Pack)
Cheras
Pain Relief Package
Cheras
Total Knee Replacement Package
Bukit Rimau
Maternity Package
Pink October 2024
Shah Alam
30-Day Neuro Recovery Package
Bukit Jalil
Fetal Detailed Scan Package
Tebrau
Thyroid Screening Package
Klang
Pre-marital Screening Package
Puchong
Women Screening Packages
Cheras
Wellness Package – Essential
Tebrau
Wellwoman Premier Screening (by Physician)
Puchong
Shingles Vaccine Package
Cheras
Fetal Detailed Scan Package
Petaling Jaya
Maternity Package
Iskandar Puteri
Influenza Vaccination Package
Klang
Cataract Surgery Package
Klang
Pre-Employment Screening Packages
Bukit Rimau
Incontinence Physiotherapy Program
Bukit Rimau
Maternity Vaccination Package
Cheras
Maternity Package
Batu Kawan
Transform X Package
Batu Kawan
Dengue Protection
Seremban
Allergy Test Package
Puchong
Comprehensive Health Screening
Petaling Jaya
Basic Screening Package (Specialist)
Petaling Jaya
Comprehensive Screening (Specialist)
Setapak
Executive Screening Package
Bukit Jalil
Women’s Wellness
Puchong
Physiotherapy Treatment Package
Klang
Premier Male Screening Package
Taiping
Health Screening Packages (Specialist)
Batu Kawan
Maternity Packages
Batu Kawan
Laser Haemorrhoidectomy Surgery Package
Batu Kawan
AV Fistula Surgery Package
Puchong
Hajj & Umrah Vaccination
Petaling Jaya
Shingles Vaccination
Batu Kawan
Dietitian Package
Iskandar Puteri
Pre-Employment Screening Package
Pink October 2025
Petaling Jaya
Dengue Vaccination Package
Taiping
Health Screening Packages (Medical Officer)
Iskandar Puteri
Delivery Package
Taiping
Hajj & Umrah Vaccination Package
Seremban
Detailed Scan Package
Bukit Rimau
Basic Dietary Package
Puchong
Health & Fitness Package
Cheras
Influenza Vaccine Promotion
Tebrau
Renal Screening Package
Iskandar Puteri
Cardiac Screening Package
Bukit Rimau
Endoscopy Screening Package
Tebrau
Women Wellness Package
Batu Kawan
Total Hip Replacement Package
Klang
Baby Vaccination Package
Cheras
HPV Vaccine Package
Bukit Rimau
Cardiac Rehab Package
Columbia Asia 30th Anniversary Promotion “Senior Health”
Cheras
Diet Consultation Package
Bukit Rimau
Hepatitis B Vaccination Packages
Seremban
Baby Vaccination Package
Seremban
Preferred Health Screening Package
Klang
Delivery Packages
Seremban
HPV Vaccination
Seremban
Vaccination for Expecting Moms
Petaling Jaya
The Hajj Packages
Puchong
Chemical Peeling Package
Taiping
Women Wellness Packages
Shah Alam
Outpatient Rehabilitation Package
Batu Kawan
Health Screening Packages
Klang
HPV Vaccination Package
Tebrau
Total Knee Replacement Package
Bukit Jalil
Allergy Screening Package
Cheras
Argon Laser Treatment
Bukit Jalil
Basic Physiotherapy Package
Cheras
Comprehensive Cardiac Screening Package
Iskandar Puteri
Shingles Vaccine
Iskandar Puteri
Pre-University Screening Package
Puchong
Lung Screening Package
Klang
Wellness Package
Petaling Jaya
Pre-Employment Screening Package
Cheras
Welcome to College Package
Tebrau
Standard Screening (by Physician)
Tebrau
Pre-University Screening Promotion
Cheras
Cataract Surgery Package
Puchong
Influenza Vaccine
Cheras
Mother’s Day Packages
Setapak
Basic Screening Package
Iskandar Puteri
Care For Your Heart Screening Package
Bukit Rimau
Sports Package
Batu Kawan
Cardio Max Heart Screening Package
Klang
Heart Screening Packages
Cheras
Thyroid Screening Package
Puchong
Exclusive Maternity Offer
Iskandar Puteri
Ear, Nose & Throat Screening Package
Taiping
Children Influenza Vaccination
Seremban
Yellow Fever Vaccination Promotion
Tebrau
Hepatitis B Vaccination Package
Bukit Rimau
HPV Vaccination Package
Cheras
Digital Mammogram Package
Tebrau
Cosmetic Gynecology Package
Taiping
Caesarean Package
Shah Alam
10-Day Neuro Recovery Package
Tebrau
Wellman Premier Screening (by Physician)
Seremban
Occupational Health Screening / Medical Surveillance
Cheras
Wellness Package – C-Cardiac Plus Male
Bukit Jalil
Cataract Surgery Package
Iskandar Puteri
Golden Age Health Screening Package
Seremban
Influenza Vaccine
Bukit Jalil
Influenza Vaccine Package
Cheras
Kids Vaccination Package
HLA Policyholders Promo: Influenza Vaccination
Petaling Jaya
Typhoid Vaccination Package
Batu Kawan
School Shield Vaccination Package
Tebrau
CT Coronary Angiography Package
Cheras
Frozen Shoulder Treatment Package
Petaling Jaya
Pre-Marital Screening Package
Setapak
Premier Screening Package
Bukit Rimau
Health Screening Packages
Iskandar Puteri
Wellman Premier Screening Package
Batu Kawan
Lung Screening Package
Bukit Jalil
Liver Care Screening Package
Batu Kawan
Total Knee Replacement Package
Setapak
Physiotherapy Assessment & Treatment Package
Bukit Jalil
Heart Health Screening Package
Cheras