不管是普通外科手术、整形手术或是剖腹手术，术后的伤口护理也是十分重要。如术后没有做好护理，容易引发感染，影响伤口的愈合，或者出现疤痕增生。这篇文章将由普外科医生在这里私人提醒手术后伤口护理的10项注意细节，帮助大家建立科学的伤口护理观念。
很多人都只关心手术后的各种身体恢复问题。事实上，任何手术我们都说七分靠手术，三分靠护理。好的术后护理，对术后效果有着很大的影响作用。例如预防术后感染，保持伤口清洁，最重要的一定要遵照医嘱定时服药以预防感染！请牢记：手术后伤口护理一定不能懒！
“不管您的医生使用缝线、订书钉、组织胶或胶带条来闭合手术切口。谨记！在手术后，手术切口愈合的护理一定不能少。您需要保持伤口部位的清洁，按照医嘱定时更换敷料，并注意可能出现的感染迹象。这样做不仅可以降低感染的风险，还可以帮助您避免疼痛/不适，并减少疤痕的形成。” ——张智评医生
术后伤口护理10大注意细节
以下是普外科医生私人提供的术后伤口护理10大注意细节：
不要在切口处穿紧身衣服。一般建议在伤口未愈合前，最好避免进行一些可能拉扯伤口范围部位的运动。这样才能降低伤口裂开或被拉扯的风险。
根据伤口类型不同，换药的方式也不同，切记不要偷懒！请根据医生的指示来更换敷料，用干净、干燥的敷料敷盖在您的伤口/切口。
淋浴优于泡澡，尽量不要浸泡伤口，这样做会软化疤痕组织，并可能导致伤口/切口重新打开。淋浴时，您可以轻轻喷洒在伤口部位进行清洁，但不要摩擦伤口部位，因为这会引起疼痛并延迟愈合过程。
不妨选用一些防水敷料外层，洗澡或淋浴时可以进行替换，能防止水分侵入，这样就可以安心淋浴或洗澡。否则在洗澡前一定要去除、更換不防水的敷料。
在重新敷上敷料之前，将切口风干或用干净的纱布垫或干净的洗澡巾轻轻拍干伤口。不要大力擦洗或摩擦伤口。您也可以使用抗菌药膏来保护切口免受感染。
一般上建议不要使用含有刺激性的皮肤清洁剂、酒精、过氧化物、碘或含有抗菌化学物质的肥皂等等。这些有可能会损坏伤口组织，并减慢愈合速度。
如果在脸部动手术，避免化妆品对于脸部伤口的刺激，一般建议等伤口完全愈合之后方可进行日常化妆。
一般建议选择均衡饮食，适当增加高蛋白的摄取量，有助于增强皮肤的体制，有助于伤口的愈合。
吸烟不利于体内的血液循环，最终不利于伤口自行愈合。
好好防晒不管是伤口，或是手术切口，都会在皮肤上留下一道疤痕。这些刚愈合的伤口疤痕很娇嫩，对阳光很敏感，如果被紫外线照射，很容易发生色素沉淀，疤痕表层可能会变黑。一般来说手术后的首6个月伤口要进行防晒，首选以物理防晒，用衣物或胶布贴遮挡疤痕，或者等伤口较为稳定选择涂抹防晒霜的化学防晒方式。不过，有些疤痕会随着时间而渐渐消失，有些则不会；适当使用乳液和皮肤柔软剂，有助于淡化、软化疤痕。
如果看到伤口出现以下变化，请立即咨询您的医生：
- 伤口更红、更肿或更热
- 伤口出现绿色或黄色分泌物
- 伤口伴随着难闻的气味
- 伤口加压后流血不止
- 疼痛感加剧
- 伤口周围感觉硬硬或饱胀感
- 伤口/切口裂开
- 发烧超过37.8°C
这篇文章首次刊登在《健康时尚杂志/GoodHealth Magazine》
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